Epidemiological and Prognostic Importance of New-Onset Cancer as a Net Adverse Clinical Outcome after ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

The study assessed the epidemiological frequency and prognostic impact of new-onset cancer as an additional net adverse clinical outcome in patients after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), considering its potential clinical significance alongside classical endpoints. This study was designed as a single-center observational study, including 1285 consecutive patients who were diagnosed as STEMI patients as the subject, and the frequency and prognosis of new-onset cancer after STEMI onset were assessed. The incidence of all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and bleeding were analyzed as classical endpoints. Throughout an average of a 1241.4 days observation period, cancers were observed in 7.0% of patients (n = 90), showing development at a constant rate throughout this period (incidence rate, 0.06/1000 person-years). The average duration from STEMI onset to cancer diagnosis was 1371.4 days. Death, MI, or stroke were observed in 21.3%, 4.0%, 6.5%, and 12.8%, giving incidence rates of 0.18, 0.03, 0.06, and 0.11/1000 person-years, respectively. Long-term mortality was higher in patients with newly diagnosed cancer than in patients without cancer (36.7% vs. 20.1%, p < 0.01). Cancer after STEMI should be considered as an additional major adverse clinical event because of its high incidence, constant development, and high mortality in comparison to classical endpoints.