Abstract
Background: Posterior urethral valves (PUVs) are usually suspected during antenatal sonograms or by postnatal evidence of bilateral hydronephrosis with enlarged bladder. Gross hematuria as an initial manifestation of PUV with a history of normal antenatal sonogram is very rare. Methods: This is a retrospective chart study. Results: We describe a nine-day-old male neonate who presented with gross hematuria and was later found to have a urinary tract infection (UTI) and severe acute kidney injury (AKI). The mother apparently had normal antenatal sonograms with no evidence of fetal hydronephrosis. The child did not have postnatal renal bladder sonogram done until gross hematuria occurred at Day 9 of life. Sonogram showed bilateral severe hydronephrosis and hydroureter with enlarged bladder. The patient underwent ablation of the PUVs after initial bladder decompression with indwelling urethral catheterization. His AKI resolved after prompt treatment of UTI and PUV ablation. Conclusions: This report emphasizes the importance of a high index of suspicion for obstructive uropathy in a newborn with gross hematuria irrespective of prenatal sonogram findings.