Processing Orchard Grass into Carbon Bio Pellets via Hydrothermal Carbonisation—A Case Study Analysis-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Processing Orchard Grass into Carbon Bio Pellets via Hydrothermal Carbonisation—A Case Study Analysis

Published:2024-06-15 Issue:12 Volume:17 Page:2956
ISSN:1996-1073
Container-title:Energies
language:en
Short-container-title:Energies

Author:

Kowalski Zygmunt¹,Makara Agnieszka²^ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-261 Kraków, Poland

2. Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 31-155 Kraków, Poland

Abstract

The presented case study evaluates the environmental and economic effects of carbon bio pellet production from orchard grass by Farmutil HS Inc. through the hydrothermal carbonisation method, using obtained biofuel as a substitute for natural gas for heat production. Hydrothermal carbonisation is a zero-waste technology that produces renewable bioenergy by substituting fossil fuels for non-renewable resources. Processing 60,000 t/y of orchard grass with this method resulted in a total amount of heat production of 456,780 GJ/y. This means that over 60% of the energy produced from natural gas could be substituted by renewable bioenergy. It is also very important that the estimated cost of heat produced from carbon bio pellets is 29% lower in comparison to the cost of heat produced from natural gas

Publisher

MDPI AG

Link

https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/12/2956/pdf

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