Fault Analysis of a Small PV/Wind Farm Hybrid System Connected to the Grid

Abstract

The dynamic modeling, control, and simulation of renewable energy sources connected to the electrical grid are investigated in this study. Photovoltaic (PV) systems and wind systems connected to the power grid via the point of common connection (PCC) were the only two systems included in our study. Simulation and control methodologies are provided. For both PV arrays, the method of extracting maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is utilized to obtain the highest power under standard test conditions (STC: 1000 W/m2, 25 °C). A power electronics converter that can transform DC voltage into three-phase AC voltage is required to connect a PV system to the grid. Insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) are utilized in a three-level voltage source converter (VSC). The distribution network is connected to this three-phase VSC by way of a step-up transformer and filter. During synchronous rotation in the d−q reference frame, the suggested control for the three-level solar power system that is connected to the grid is constructed. To obtain a power factor as near to one as possible, the phase-locked loop (PLL) is employed to align the angle of the power grid voltage with the angle of the current coming from the inverter. Squirrel-cage induction generators (SCIGs), which are utilized as fixed speed generators and are linked directly to the power network, are the foundation of the wind system. Additionally, a pitch angle control approach is suggested to keep the wind turbine’s rotor speed stable. MATLAB/Simulink software is utilized to model and simulate the suggested hybrid system. Under fault scenarios such as the line to line to line to ground fault (LLLG fault), the suggested hybrid system’s dynamic performance is examined. The simulation results prove the ability to manage the small hybrid system that combines solar and wind power, as well as its dynamic performance.