Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Docosahexaenoic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid, on Post-Surgical Complications in Surgical Trauma Patients: Mechanisms, Nutrition, and Challenges

Author:

Ouagueni Asma1ORCID,Al-Zoubi Raed M.234ORCID,Zarour Ahmad5,Al-Ansari Abdulla26,Bawadi Hiba1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Science, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar

2. Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 576214, Qatar

3. Department of Chemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan

4. Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar

5. Acute Care Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 576214, Qatar

6. Department of Surgery, Division of Urology/Andrology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 576214, Qatar

Abstract

This paper aims to provide an in-depth review of the specific outcomes associated with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), focusing on their purported effects on post-surgical complications in trauma patients. A comprehensive investigation of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was conducted until February 2023 using the PubMed database. Surgical trauma is characterized by a disruption in immune response post surgery, known to induce systemic inflammation. Omega-3 PUFAs are believed to offer potential improvements in multiple post-surgical complications because of their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Inconsistent findings have emerged in the context of cardiac surgeries, with the route of administration playing a mediating role in these outcomes. The effects of omega-3 PUFAs on post-operative atrial fibrillation have exhibited variability across various studies. Omega-3 PUFAs have demonstrated positive effects in liver surgery outcomes and in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Omega-3 is suggested to offer potential benefits, particularly in the perioperative care of patients undergoing traumatic procedures. Incorporating omega-3 in such cases is hypothesized to contribute to a reduction in certain surgical outcomes, such as hospitalization duration and length of stay in the intensive care unit. Therefore, comprehensive assessments of adverse effects can aid in identifying the presence of subtle or inconspicuous side effects associated with omega-3.

Publisher

MDPI AG

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