Characterizing Meat- and Milk/Dairy-like Vegetarian Foods and Their Counterparts Based on Nutrient Profiling and Food Labels

Author:

Rodríguez-Martín Noelia María1ORCID,Córdoba Patricia2,Sarriá Beatriz34ORCID,Verardo Vito25ORCID,Pedroche Justo1,Alcalá-Santiago Ángela256,García-Villanova Belén2ORCID,Molina-Montes Esther2567ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Group of Plant Protein, Department of Food and Health, Instituto de la Grasa-CSIC, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, Carretera de Utrera Km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain

2. Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain

3. Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Nováis 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain

4. Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain

5. Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA) ‘José Mataix’, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain

6. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain

7. CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain

Abstract

Vegetarian foods are plant-based (PB) foods, often perceived as healthier foods than animal-based (AB) foods. The objective of this study was to analyze the nutritional quality of a set of PB foods (meat, milk and dairy products) marketed in Spain, and to compare their nutrient profiles with respect to some AB counterparts. Nutritional information per 100 g or mL, ingredients, and nutritional declarations, as well as the Nutri-Score, NOVA, and Eco-Score of each food were collected from Open Food Facts. Differences in the nutrient compositions between PB foods and their counterparts, and between the different groups of PB foods, were assessed at a 5% significance level. A total of 544 PB foods and 373 AB foods were identified. Overall, PB foods had a higher median content of fiber and carbohydrates, but a lower amount of proteins (except PB “meat” analogues: 14 g) and saturated fats (except PB “cheese alternatives”: 12.5 g), than the AB counterparts (p < 0.05). PB “milk alternatives”, particularly oat “milk”, showed a higher median content of total carbohydrates (8 g) and sugars (5.5 g) compared to cow milks (4.7 g carbohydrates/sugars, on average; p < 0.001). PB “meat alternatives” also had a significantly higher value of carbohydrates (9 g) than AB meats (2 g, on average; p < 0.001). PB foods were mostly classified as Nutri-Score A and B (86%). However, more than half of them were of NOVA groups 3 and 4. Thus, there is a great diversity of PB meat and milk/dairy product alternatives on the Spanish market. Despite being products of good nutritional quality compared to AB foods, they also carry drawbacks that could have an impact on nutritional health.

Funder

CIBERESP

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Plant Science,Health Professions (miscellaneous),Health (social science),Microbiology,Food Science

Reference66 articles.

1. (2022, November 01). Transparency Market Research Plant-Based Protein Market Forecast, 2021–2031. Available online: https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/platbased-protein-market.html.

2. (2022, November 01). Plant-Based Foods in Europe: How Big Is the Market? The Smart Protein Plant-Based Food Sector Report. Available online: https://smartproteinproject.eu/plant-based-food-sector-report/.

3. (2022, December 27). Share of Vegetarians in Spain 2022, by Age Group. Available online: https://www.statista.com/forecasts/1313141/vegetarians-by-age-group-spain.

4. Multiple health and environmental impacts of foods;Clark;Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,2019

5. Agriculture and water policy changes: Stocktaking and alignment with OECD and G20 recommendations;Shigemitsu;OECD Food Agric. Fish. Work. Pap.,2020

Cited by 14 articles. 订阅此论文施引文献 订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献

同舟云学术

1.学者识别学者识别

2.学术分析学术分析

3.人才评估人才评估

"同舟云学术"是以全球学者为主线,采集、加工和组织学术论文而形成的新型学术文献查询和分析系统,可以对全球学者进行文献检索和人才价值评估。用户可以通过关注某些学科领域的顶尖人物而持续追踪该领域的学科进展和研究前沿。经过近期的数据扩容,当前同舟云学术共收录了国内外主流学术期刊6万余种,收集的期刊论文及会议论文总量共计约1.5亿篇,并以每天添加12000余篇中外论文的速度递增。我们也可以为用户提供个性化、定制化的学者数据。欢迎来电咨询!咨询电话:010-8811{复制后删除}0370

www.globalauthorid.com

TOP

Copyright © 2019-2024 北京同舟云网络信息技术有限公司
京公网安备11010802033243号  京ICP备18003416号-3