Insight into the Mechanism of Porcine Myofibrillar Protein Gel Properties Modulated by κ-Carrageenan

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to explain the mechanism of porcine myofibrillar protein gel properties modulated by κ-carrageenan. The textural properties results showed that the stress at fracture of the composite gel with 0.4% κ-carrageenan had the highest value (91.33 g), which suggested that the 0.4% κ-carrageenan addition was the limitation. The strain at fracture was significantly reduced with κ-carrageenan addition. The composite gel with 0.4% κ-carrageenan had the lowest proportion of T22 (7.85%) and the shortest T21 relaxation time (252.81 ms). The paraffin section showed that the phase separation behavior of the composite gel transformed from single-phase behavior to dispersed phase behavior to bi-continuous phase behavior, and the ratio of CG/MP phase area significantly increased from 0.06 to 1.73. The SEM showed that the three-dimensional network of myofibrillar protein transformed from a loose structure to a compact structure to an unaggregated structure with κ-carrageenan addition. The myofibrillar protein network of the treatment with 0.4% κ-carrageenan had the highest DF value (1.7858) and lowest lacunary value (0.452). The principal component analysis was performed on the data of microstructure and textural properties, and the results showed that the dispersed phase behavior and moisture stabilization promoted the aggregation of myofibrillar protein and the composite gel had better water holding capacity and textural properties, while bi-continuous phase behavior hindered the aggregation of myofibrillar protein and the composite gel had worse water holding capacity and textural properties.