A Two-Dimensional Variant of Newton’s Method and a Three-Point Hermite Interpolation: Fourth- and Eighth-Order Optimal Iterative Schemes

Abstract

A nonlinear equation f(x)=0 is mathematically transformed to a coupled system of quasi-linear equations in the two-dimensional space. Then, a linearized approximation renders a fractional iterative scheme xn+1=xn−f(xn)/[a+bf(xn)], which requires one evaluation of the given function per iteration. A local convergence analysis is adopted to determine the optimal values of a and b. Moreover, upon combining the fractional iterative scheme to the generalized quadrature methods, the fourth-order optimal iterative schemes are derived. The finite differences based on three data are used to estimate the optimal values of a and b. We recast the Newton iterative method to two types of derivative-free iterative schemes by using the finite difference technique. A three-point generalized Hermite interpolation technique is developed, which includes the weight functions with certain constraints. Inserting the derived interpolation formulas into the triple Newton method, the eighth-order optimal iterative schemes are constructed, of which four evaluations of functions per iteration are required.