Dental Manifestations and Celiac Disease—An Overview

Abstract

This review summarizes recent investigations on dental manifestations in celiac disease. Particular attention is paid to delayed dental eruption and maturity, dental enamel defects, molar incisor hypomineralization, dental caries, dental plaque, and periodontitis. Most studies confirmed a higher frequency of delayed dental eruption and maturation in children and dental enamel defects in children and adults with celiac disease compared to healthy individuals. The malabsorption of various micronutrients, especially calcium and vitamin D, as well as immunity, is considered the main cause of these conditions. An early diagnosis of celiac disease and introducing a gluten-free diet might prevent the development of these conditions. Otherwise, the damage has already been established, and it is irreversible. Dentists can play an important role in identifying people who may have unrecognized celiac disease and may help prevent its progress and long-term complications. Investigations on dental caries, plaque, and periodontitis in celiac disease are rare and inconsistent; these complaints need further examination.