Audiovestibular Findings in a Cohort of Patients with Chiari Malformation Type I and Dizziness

Abstract

Chiari Malformation Type I (CM1) is a neurological condition in which the cerebellar tonsils extend past the foramen magnum. While many studies have reported dizziness symptoms in patients with CM1, the prevalence of peripheral labyrinthine lesions is largely unknown. This study aimed to comprehensively describe the audiovestibular phenotype in a cohort of patients with CM1 expressly referred for dizziness. Twenty-four patients with CM1 and a complaint of dizziness/vertigo were evaluated. Hearing and auditory brainstem tract function were essentially normal. While vestibular abnormalities were most prevalent during rotational testing (33%), abnormal functional balance was the most common finding (40%). Patients with CM1 had a greater likelihood of exhibiting an abnormal sensory organization test (SOT) postural stability score for fixed platform conditions, and for the somatosensory analysis score. While no significant associations were identified between tonsillar ectopia extent and any vestibular/balance outcome measure, a significant negative association was identified between neck pain and the somatosensory sensory analysis score. Abnormal functional balance in the somatosensory domain was remarkable, with poorer scores associated with neck pain. An isolated peripheral vestibulopathy was present in only 8% of patients. Despite the low prevalence of vestibulopathy, vestibular/balance assessment is warranted to identify patients who may benefit from referral to specialized medical disciplines.