Cadmium as an Endocrine Disruptor That Hinders the Reproductive and Developmental Pathways in Freshwater Fish: A Review

Author:

Vinanthi Rajalakshmi Kaakarlu Shivakumar1,Liu Wen-Chao2,Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian3ORCID,Meyyazhagan Arun1,Sattanathan Govindharajan4ORCID,Pappuswamy Manikantan1ORCID,Joseph Kadanthottu Sebastian1ORCID,Paari Kuppusamy Alagesan1,Lee Jang-Won5ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, Christ University, Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India

2. Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China

3. Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea

4. Department of Zoology, St. Joseph University, Chumukedima 797115, Nagaland, India

5. Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential element with sub-lethal effects even at low concentrations. The persistent nature of Cd and its tendency to bioaccumulate eventually create harmful effects on water biota, including fish. Cd affects various aspects of hormonal action in fish since it bioaccumulates in the endocrine system and hinders the synthesis, secretion, and metabolic activity of hormones, causing severe damage along the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonadal axis. Linking reproductive and developmental impairments in fish with ecologically relevant concentrations of individual metals can be challenging due to the complexity of aquatic ecosystems. This review deliberated the significant and novel trends of toxicological difficulties and approaches, including elucidating environmental sources’ bioavailability and Cd-induced toxic effects in freshwater fish. Both acute and chronic exposure to Cd can cause a range of adverse effects, such as growth inhibition, impaired reproductive capacity, endocrine disruption, and developmental abnormalities in freshwater fish, as evidenced by the present review. These investigations support the concept of Cd as a naturally available pollutant that causes irreversible damage in fish. These findings will help to understand the etiology of environmental circumstances that pose substantial dangers to fish health and are also crucial for preventing and treating exposure-related reproductive disturbances in freshwater fish due to environmental pollution.

Funder

National Research Foundation of Korea

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Ecology,Aquatic Science,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

Reference126 articles.

1. Environmental contamination by heavy metals;Masindi;Heavy Met.,2018

2. Gautam, R.K., Sharma, S.K., Mahiya, S., and Chattopadhyaya, M.C. (2014). Heavy Metals in Water: Presence, Removal and Safety, Royal Society of Chemistry.

3. Heavy metal pollution and human biotoxic effects;Duruibe;Int. J. Phys. Sci.,2007

4. Developmental exposure to heavy metals alters visually-guided behaviors in zebrafish;LeFauve;Curr. Zool.,2017

5. Review: Nutritional ecology of heavy metals;Hejna;Animal,2018

同舟云学术

1.学者识别学者识别

2.学术分析学术分析

3.人才评估人才评估

"同舟云学术"是以全球学者为主线,采集、加工和组织学术论文而形成的新型学术文献查询和分析系统,可以对全球学者进行文献检索和人才价值评估。用户可以通过关注某些学科领域的顶尖人物而持续追踪该领域的学科进展和研究前沿。经过近期的数据扩容,当前同舟云学术共收录了国内外主流学术期刊6万余种,收集的期刊论文及会议论文总量共计约1.5亿篇,并以每天添加12000余篇中外论文的速度递增。我们也可以为用户提供个性化、定制化的学者数据。欢迎来电咨询!咨询电话:010-8811{复制后删除}0370

www.globalauthorid.com

TOP

Copyright © 2019-2024 北京同舟云网络信息技术有限公司
京公网安备11010802033243号  京ICP备18003416号-3