Financial Literacy: A Case Study for Portugal

Abstract

This work aims at understanding the level of financial literacy in Portugal, identifying the determinants of financial literacy in the Portuguese population, taking as an example certain sociodemographic factors such as gender and age. The aim is to understand whether there is a high level of adherence to financial literacy programs and initiatives, as well as the impact of financial knowledge variables on the financial literacy of the Portuguese population. The methodology used was quantitative and based on a questionnaire survey. The sample consisted of 600 individuals, all over 18 years old. It was concluded that individuals in the 26 to 35 age group had the best knowledge and that this sample showed better knowledge of interest rates compared to inflation and risk. The exploratory factor analysis shows five factors that determine the financial literacy of the Portuguese population and the way they manage their finances, which are (1) the perception of their current financial situation; (2) planning and controlling personal finances; (3) the perception of risky financial assets; (4) the perception of risk-free financial assets; and (5) savings. This research contributes to expanding scientific understanding in the field of financial literacy and offering support to the review of financial education policies by formulators, aiming to develop tools that help improve the financial behavior of the Portuguese population.