Biomedical Promise of Aspergillus Flavus-Biosynthesized Selenium Nanoparticles: A Green Synthesis Approach to Antiviral, Anticancer, Anti-Biofilm, and Antibacterial Applications

Author:

Mohammed Eman Jassim1ORCID,Abdelaziz Ahmed E. M.2ORCID,Mekky Alsayed E.3,Mahmoud Nashaat N.3,Sharaf Mohamed45ORCID,Al-Habibi Mahmoud M.6ORCID,Khairy Nehal M.78ORCID,Al-Askar Abdulaziz A.9,Youssef Fady Sayed10ORCID,Gaber Mahmoud Ali3,Saied Ebrahim3ORCID,AbdElgayed Gehad11,Metwally Shimaa A12ORCID,Shoun Aly A.13ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Microbiology, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 14022, Iraq

2. Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Port-Said University, 23 December Street, Port-Said 42522, Egypt

3. Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt

4. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China

5. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, AL-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11651, Egypt

6. Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11651, Egypt

7. Microbiology and Immunology Department, Egypt Drug Authority (EDA), (Formerly NODCAR), Giza 12654, Egypt

8. Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University-East Kantara Branch, Ismailia 41636, Egypt

9. Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

10. Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt

11. Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium

12. Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt

13. Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, El Salehey El Gadida University, El Saleheya El Gadida 44813, Egypt

Abstract

This study utilized Aspergillus flavus to produce selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) in an environmentally friendly and ecologically sustainable manner, targeting several medicinal applications. These biosynthesized Se-NPs were meticulously characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and UV–visible spectroscopy (UV), revealing their spherical shape and size ranging between 28 and 78 nm. We conducted further testing of Se-NPs to evaluate their potential for biological applications, including antiviral, anticancer, antibacterial, antioxidant, and antibiofilm activities. The results indicate that biosynthesized Se-NPs could be effective against various pathogens, including Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028), Bacillus pumilus (ATCC 14884), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Clostridium sporogenes (ATCC 19404), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), and Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633). Additionally, the biosynthesized Se-NPs exhibited anticancer activity against three cell lines: pancreatic carcinoma (PANC1), cervical cancer (Hela), and colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2), with IC50 values of 177, 208, and 216 μg/mL, respectively. The nanoparticles demonstrated antiviral activity against HSV-1 and HAV, achieving inhibition rates of 66.4% and 15.1%, respectively, at the maximum non-toxic concentration, while also displaying antibiofilm and antioxidant properties. In conclusion, the biosynthesized Se-NPs by A. flavus present a promising avenue for various biomedical applications with safe usage.

Funder

King Saud University

Publisher

MDPI AG

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