High-Resolution Interannual Evolution of the Dune Toe at a Mesotidal Barrier (Camposoto Beach, SW Spain)

Author:

Montes Cristina1ORCID,Benavente Javier2ORCID,Puig María3ORCID,Montes Juan2ORCID,Talavera Lara4ORCID,Plomaritis Theocharis A.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Marine Research University Insitute (INMAR), University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain

2. Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Marine Research University Insitute (INMAR), University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain

3. TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Astondo Bidea, Edificio 700, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain

4. Department of Biology, Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, ESCET, Rey Juan Carlos University, Tulipán St., 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain

Abstract

Over recent years, processes related to marine storms, sediment shortages and human intervention have caused the global retreat of many coastal systems and the degradation of their dunes. In this context, changes in the dune toe are commonly used as a proxy to study the interannual shoreline evolution, and it is usually analyzed using orthophotography, while high temporal- and spatial-scale resolution studies of dune toe evolution are not frequent. In this work, a quasi-monthly study of dune toe data was carried out between 2008 and 2018. These data, taken from the RTK-DGPS and UAS systems, were subjected to shoreline analysis, and they showed an average regression rate of −2.30 m/year, a higher value than the one registered until 2008 (1 m/year). This suggests an acceleration in the erosion suffered within the system, which was revealed to be more intense in the northern sector of the study area. Dune toe variability increased over the years, probably due to the presence of washover fans breaking the foredune that were reactivated and expanded during storm events. The ephemeral progradation of the dune toe was also noted, which could be explained with reference to wind events and/or beach nourishment that had been carried out over the studied period. From the analysis of the dune toe elevation, a decrease in this variable was obtained, especially in the areas affected due to washover fans. This finding is supported by the significant correlation of the dune toe elevation and erosion trend, suggesting that the areas where the dune toe was lower are prone to suffering a greater retreat. This correlation provides insight into the future evolution of the barrier, suggesting a state of degradation and a transition to a lower-resilience state.

Funder

Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation

Regional Andalucian government

Publisher

MDPI AG

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