A Comprehensive Review of Demand-Side Management Based on Analysis of Productivity: Techniques and Applications

Abstract

Demand-side management (DSM) includes various persuasive measures to improve the use of energy; thus, it has been studied from various perspectives in the literature. Nowadays, the context of productivity has an important role in the evaluation of the electrical energy systems. Accordingly, this paper presents a platform to comprehensively contemplate the DSM from the productivity perspective that features its three aspects. First, the widespread indices of DSM are manifestly redefined, and a plenary index of DSM is introduced, reflecting both energy and investment productivity. Second, the modification of energy efficacy and consumption pattern is discussed, considering a general categorization of DSM modalities based on the pertaining index of each branch. Third, a modified model of demand response (DR) is developed to implement seven DR strategies in the smart microgrids. The simulation results demonstrate that the load factor can improve up to 8.12% with respect to the normal consumption pattern. Moreover, the load factor can be further enhanced at least by 4.22% in comparison with the customary model.