Mountain Cryosphere Landscapes in South America: Value and Protection

Author:

Ruiz-Pereira Sebastián12ORCID,Alvarado Peterson Voltaire3ORCID,Trombotto Liaudat Darío4ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile

2. PermaChile Network, Santiago 8320000, Chile

3. Departamento de Geografía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile

4. Geocryology, Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales, CCT CONICET, Mendoza 5500, Argentina

Abstract

Mountain landscapes support hydric and biodiversity potential under different ownership and land use perspectives. A focal point justifying their preservation is often the legislation’s ethical endorsement. Yet, when scales for assessment diverge without a common analytical purpose, the protective measures may become either ambiguous or insufficient. By considering that mountain cryosphere landscapes have both subjective and supply values, we focused on approaches to protect them and examined conceptual dissonances in their assessment. This ambiguity was examined by analyzing the hydric storage potential of the mountain cryosphere in semi-arid regions in the Andes. We reviewed the technical aspects of cryosphere hydrology and how current legislation aims to preserve freshwater supply and non-instrumental value. The analysis found a clash between instrumental and non-instrumental values and, most importantly, the neglect of a temporal dimension for landscape evolution. Particularly, landscape protection becomes suboptimal as scales of analysis for use and non-use values diverge. Therefore, we recommend analyzing mountain cryosphere landscapes as overlapped sub-units bearing a unified potential (future value) as a hydric resource. This analysis should fit the most inclusive scale on which transaction costs reflecting needs and insurance values reflecting management quality are optimal.

Funder

ANID/FONDAP

ANID/FONDECYT

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Medicine

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