pH Auto-Sustain-Based Fermentation Supports Efficient Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Production by Lactobacillus brevis CD0817

Abstract

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays a role in several physiological functions. GABA production by lactic acid bacteria has attracted considerable interest; however, there is need to improve production. This study aimed to develop a pH auto-sustain (PAS)-based GABA fermentation process for Lactobacillus brevis CD0817, with L-glutamic acid (solubility ~6.0 g/L and isoelectric point 3.22) as the substrate. Firstly, we determined the optimum levels of vital factors affecting GABA synthesis using Erlenmeyer flask experiments. The results showed that optimal levels of sugar, yeast extract, Tween-80, manganese ion, and temperature were 5.0 g/L, 35.0 g/L, 1.0 g/L, 16.0 mg/L, and 30.0 °C, respectively. The added L-glutamic acid (650 g per liter of medium) mostly existed in the form of solid powder was slowly released to supply the substrate and acidity essential for GABA production with the progress of fermentation. Based on the optimizations, the PAS-based GABA fermentation was performed using a 10 L fermenter. The PAS-based strategy promoted GABA synthesis by the strain of up to 321.9 ± 6.7 g/L after 48 h, with a productivity of 6.71 g/L/h and a substrate molar conversion rate of 99.6%. The findings suggest that the PAS-based fermentation is a promising method for GABA production by lactic acid bacteria.