Influence of Genotype and Anaerobic Fermentation on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and Greenhouse Gas Production of Whole-Plant Maize
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Published:2024-01-04
Issue:1
Volume:10
Page:42
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ISSN:2311-5637
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Container-title:Fermentation
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Fermentation
Author:
Alvarado-Ramírez Edwin Rafael1ORCID, Elghandour Mona Mohamed Mohamed Yasseen2, Rivas-Jacobo Marco Antonio1ORCID, Calabrò Serena3ORCID, Vastolo Alessandro3ORCID, Cutrignelli Monica Isabella3ORCID, Hernández-Ruiz Pedro Enrique2, Figueroa-Pacheco Edson Brodeli4, Salem Abdelfattah Zeidan Mohamed2ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Soledad de Graciano Sánchez 78321, Mexico 2. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca 50000, Mexico 3. Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy 4. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Iguala de la Independencia 40040, Mexico
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of anaerobic fermentation on the in vitro ruminal production of total gas (TG), methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as well as on the characteristics of ruminal fermentation and CH4 conversion efficiency of whole-plant maize (WPM) from four native maize genotypes (Amarillo, Olotillo, Tampiqueño and Tuxpeño) from Mexico, and a commercial hybrid was used as a control. In all genotypes, the fermented WPM produced the lowest amounts (p ≤ 0.0236) of TG and CH4 from degraded dry matter (DM), and Tampiqueño and Tuxpeño presented the highest production of these gases. In addition, Tuxpeño also presented the highest proportion of CH4 (mL 100 mL−1 TG), and Olotillo presented the lowest proportion of both gases. Something similar occurred in H2S, where the fermented WPM produced the lowest (p ≤ 0.0077) amount per DM degraded, and Amarillo and Tampiqueño presented the highest and lowest production, respectively. However, the fermented WPM presented the highest (p = 0.0128) CO production from degraded DM, and Tuxpeño and Olotillo presented the highest and lowest production, while the rumen pH was lower (p < 0.0001) in the fermented WPM, and Tuxpeño and Olotillo presented the highest and lowest pH, respectively. Furthermore, the fermented plant presented the greatest (p ≤ 0.0055) DM degradation, and the Amarillo and hybrid genotypes presented the highest percentages, while Olotillo presented the lowest. The short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content and metabolizable energy (ME) did not differ (p ≥ 0.0899) between genotypes and were higher (p = 0.0009) in the fresh WPM. Despite the above, the fermented WPM was more efficient (p ≤ 0.0249), and the Amarillo and hybrid genotypes produced less CH4 per unit of SCFAs, ME and organic matter. In conclusion, the Amarillo genotype equaled the hybrid one, and although the production of CO increased, anaerobic fermentation showed the potential to reduce the rumen production of TG, CH4 and H2S, as well as to improve DM degradability and CH4 conversion efficiency.
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