Affiliation:
1. Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
2. Western Agriculture Research Center, Montana State University, Corvallis, MT 59828, USA
Abstract
The enology industry in North Dakota is extremely young, with less than twenty years of existence. At times throughout the development of the North Dakota viticulture and enology industries, commercial wine producers have elected to purchase or store fresh harvested grapes as frozen musts. To investigate the fermentation outcomes related to skin contact for red grapevine musts, a postfreeze fermentation experiment was conducted with fruit from ‘Frontenac’, one of the most widely grown red grapevines in the Upper Midwest U.S. and North Dakota. Four fermentation treatments were applied to frozen ‘Frontenac’ grapevine musts: steam juice extraction, rosé, 1 day after inoculation (DAI) skin contact, and 9 DAI skin contact. Samples were collected daily for ten days and analyzed for fermentation progress and spectrophotometric monitoring of wine color attributes and total phenolics. The final wines were analyzed two years after bottling. Steam-extracted musts were initially darkest; however, they were lighter as final wines than the 9 DAI wines and similar to rosé wines in lightness. Total phenolics were greatest for 9 DAI wines and total red pigments were lowest for steam-extracted wines. While differences between treatments were detected, the wines remained visually similar; this indicates that color extraction within the freeze–thaw processes of musts may obliterate subtly and make it difficult to produce wines of light color when stored under these conditions. Continued work with additional grapevines beyond ‘Frontenac’ may help fine-tune must and fermentation extraction procedures for small-scale wineries growing cold-hardy grapevines.
Funder
North Dakota Department of Agriculture Specialty Block Grant
Subject
Plant Science,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous),Food Science
Reference64 articles.
1. Evaluation of Cold-Hardy Grape Cultivars for North Dakota and the North Dakota State University Germplasm Enhancement Project;Auwarter;Acta Hortic.,2016
2. Svyantek, A., Köse, B., Stenger, J., Auwarter, C., and Hatterman-Valenti, H. (2020). Cold-Hardy Grape Cultivar Winter Injury and Trunk Re-Establishment Following Severe Weather Events in North Dakota. Horticulturae, 6.
3. Contrasting Responses to Environmental Conditions by Three Cold-Climate Winegrape Cultivars Grown in the United States Northern Plains Region;Stenger;Acta Hortic.,2017
4. Stenger, J. (2016). Environmental Influence on Cold-Climate Grapevine (Vitis Spp.) Fall Acclimation Response and Fruit Ripening, North Dakota State University.
5. Tuck, B., and Gartner, W. (2014). Vineyards and Wineries in North and South Dakota: A Status and Economic Contribution Report, University of Minnesota.
Cited by
1 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献