Affiliation:
1. Microbiogen Pty Ltd., Level 4, 78 Waterloo Road, Macquarie Park, NSW 2113, Australia
Abstract
Science and technology are critical for developing novel and sustainable production of food, fuel, and chemicals in a manner that significantly reduces anthropogenic contributions to climate change. Although renewable energy is gradually displacing fossil fuels for grid energy, oil-based transport fuels remain major contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions. Currently, bioethanol and biodiesel can partially replace petroleum, but these renewables are far from perfect in terms of long-term sustainability and the volumetric expansion needed to fully replace oil. Biofuels made in biorefineries using sugars or oils derived from plants grown on prime food-producing land only partly offset CO2 emissions relative to petroleum and present problems with respect to land-use change. Here, we provide alternative ideas for lignocellulosic biorefineries that coproduce bioethanol, nutritious protein-rich yeast biomass for animal feeds, and carbon-rich solid residuals that represent green coal or sequestered carbon. A concept of how these biorefineries could be linked to renewable power-to-X, where X can be bioethanol, protein, sequestered carbon, or multiple carbon-carbon based synthetic fuels and chemicals, is presented. We also discuss aspects of the present and future roles for microorganisms in lignocellulosic biorefineries and power-to-X bio/chemical refineries.
Subject
Plant Science,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous),Food Science
Cited by
1 articles.
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