The Production of Bioaroma by Auriporia aurulenta Using Agroindustrial Waste as a Substrate in Submerged Cultures

Abstract

The present study was carried out to investigate the potential of the basidiomycete Auriporia aurulenta to metabolize residues remaining from the processing of umbu, cajá, plum, and persimmon fruits for the production of natural aroma compounds using submerged fermentation. The volatile compounds obtained from the fermentation of A. aurulenta cultivated in these residues were extracted via stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and analyzed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) system. Esters and alcohols were the main compounds produced, with emphasis on the compounds 2-phenethyl acetate and 2-phenylethanol, which were mainly produced from umbu residue. The acid medium favored the production of 2-phenethyl acetate, reaching its maximum value (11.38 mg/L) on day 3.5, while higher concentrations of 2-phenylethanol were found in the basic medium, with optimal production (2.27 mg/L) on the 7th day. By varying the concentrations of pre-inoculum and residue in the optimization of this fermentation process, it was possible to double the production (24.47 mg/L) of 2-phenethyl acetate and obtain a seven times higher concentration (15.56 mg/L) of 2-phenylethanol. The diversity and expressive production of these aromatic compounds found in the fermentation media using these agroindustrial residues indicate that their use as substrates is an economical and environmentally viable alternative.