Real-Time PCR-Based Screening for Homozygous SMN2 Deletion Using Residual Dried Blood Spots

Author:

Bouike Yoshihiro1,Sakima Makoto1,Taninishi Yuya1,Matsutani Takanori2,Noguchi Yoriko3,Bo Ryosuke4,Awano Hiroyuki5ORCID,Nishio Hisahide6ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, 518 Arise, Ikawadani-cho, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan

2. Division of Physiology, Shinko Hospital, 1-4-47 Wakinohama-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 651-0072, Japan

3. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe University Hospital, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan

4. Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan

5. Organization for Research Initiative and Promotion, Research Initiative Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503, Japan

6. Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, 518 Arise, Ikawadani-cho, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan

Abstract

The survival motor neuron 2 (SMN2) gene is a recognized modifier gene of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). However, our knowledge about the role of SMN2—other than its modification of SMA phenotypes—is very limited. Discussions regarding the relationship between homozygous SMN2 deletion and motor neuron diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, have been mainly based on retrospective epidemiological studies of the diseases, and the precise relationship remains inconclusive. In the present study, we first estimated that the frequency of homozygous SMN2 deletion was ~1 in 20 in Japan. We then established a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based screening method using residual dried blood spots to identify infants with homozygous SMN2 deletion. This method can be applied to a future prospective cohort study to clarify the relationship between homozygous SMN2 deletion and motor neuron diseases. In our real-time PCR experiment, both PCR (low annealing temperatures) and blood (high hematocrit values and low white blood cell counts) conditions were associated with incorrect results (i.e., false negatives and positives). Together, our findings not only help to elucidate the role of SMN2, but also aid in our understanding of the pitfalls of current SMA newborn screening programs for detecting homozygous SMN1 deletions.

Funder

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Genetics (clinical),Genetics

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