Expanding Genotype/Phenotype Correlation in 2p11.2-p12 Microdeletion Syndrome

Abstract

Chromosomal abnormalities on the short arm of chromosome 2 in the region p11.2 have been associated with developmental delay, intellectual disability, facial anomalies, abnormal ears, skeletal and genital malformations. Here we describe a patient with a de novo interstitial heterozygous microdeletion on the short arm of chromosome 2 in the region p11.2-p12. He presents with facial dysmorphism characterized by a broad and low root of the nose and low-set protruding ears. Clinical examinations during follow-up visits revealed congenital pendular nystagmus, decreased visual acuity and psychomotor development disorder including intellectual disability. The heterozygous 5 Mb-microdeletion was characterized by an array CGH (Comparative Genomic Hybridization) analysis. In the past two decades, nine patients with microdeletions in this region have been identified by array CGH analysis and were reported in the literature. All these patients show psychomotor development disorder and outer and/or inner ear anomalies. In addition, most of the patients have mild to severe intellectual disability and show facial malformations. We reviewed the literature on PubMed and OMIM using the gene/loci names as search terms in an attempt to identify correlations between genes located within the heterozygous microdeletion and the clinical phenotype of the patient, in order to define a recognizable phenotype for the 2p11.2p12 microdeletion syndrome. We discuss additional symptoms that are not systematically present in all patients and contribute to a heterogeneous clinical presentation of this microdeletion syndrome.