Prognostic Factors and Markers in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Recent Progress and Future Challenges
Author:
Meira Débora Dummer1, de Castro e Caetano Maria Clara1, Casotti Matheus Correia1ORCID, Zetum Aléxia Stefani Siqueira1, Gonçalves André Felipe Monteiro1ORCID, Moreira André Rodrigues1, de Oliveira Augusto Henrique1, Pesente Fellipe1ORCID, Santana Gabriel Mendonça2, de Almeida Duque Daniel1, Pereira Gierleson Santos Cangussu1, de Castro Giulia de Souza Cupertino1, Pavan Isabele Pagani1, Chagas João Pedro Sarcinelli1ORCID, Bourguignon José Henrique Borges1, de Oliveira Juliana Ribeiro1, Barbosa Karen Ruth Michio1, Altoé Lorena Souza Castro1ORCID, Louro Luana Santos2, Merigueti Luiza Poppe1, Alves Lyvia Neves Rebello1ORCID, Machado Marlon Ramos Rosado1, Roque Maria Luísa Rodrigues Oliveira1, Prates Pedro Santana1, de Paula Segáua Sayuri Honorio1, dos Santos Uchiya Taissa1, Louro Thomas Erik Santos3, Daleprane Vinicius Eduardo1, Guaitolini Yasmin Moreto1ORCID, Vicente Creuza Rachel4ORCID, dos Reis Trabach Raquel Silva1, de Araújo Bruno Cancian1, dos Santos Eldamária de Vargas Wolfgramm1, de Paula Flávia1, Lopes Tiago José S.5, de Carvalho Elizeu Fagundes6, Louro Iúri Drumond1ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil 2. Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Curso de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29090-040, Brazil 3. Escola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória (EMESCAM), Curso de Medicina, Vitória 29027-502, Brazil 4. Departamento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29090-040, Brazil 5. Department of Reproductive Biology, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan 6. Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes (IBRAG), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Brazil
Abstract
Lung cancer is a highly aggressive neoplasm and, despite the development of recent therapies, tumor progression and recurrence following the initial response remains unsolved. Several questions remain unanswered about non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): (1) Which patients will actually benefit from therapy? (2) What are the predictive factors of response to MAbs and TKIs? (3) What are the best combination strategies with conventional treatments or new antineoplastic drugs? To answer these questions, an integrative literature review was carried out, searching articles in PUBMED, NCBI-PMC, Google Academic, and others. Here, we will examine the molecular genetics of lung cancer, emphasizing NSCLC, and delineate the primary categories of inhibitors based on their molecular targets, alongside the main treatment alternatives depending on the type of acquired resistance. We highlighted new therapies based on epigenetic information and a single-cell approach as a potential source of new biomarkers. The current and future of NSCLC management hinges upon genotyping correct prognostic markers, as well as on the evolution of precision medicine, which guarantees a tailored drug combination with precise targeting.
Subject
Genetics (clinical),Genetics
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