Evolution of the Critically Endangered Green Sawfish Pristis zijsron (Rhinopristiformes, Pristidae), Inferred from the Whole Mitochondrial Genome

Author:

Wang Chen12ORCID,Ye Peiyuan2,Pillans Richard3,Chen Xiao2ORCID,Wang Junjie4,Feutry Pierre5

Affiliation:

1. State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China

2. College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China

3. CSIRO Environment, Boggo Road, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia

4. Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China

5. CSIRO Environment, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia

Abstract

The green sawfish Pristis zijsron (Bleeker, 1851), a species of sawfish in the family Pristidae (Rhinopristiformes), mainly inhabits the Indo-West Pacific region. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of the critically endangered green sawfish is first described. The length of the genome is 16,804 bp, with a nucleotide composition of 32.0% A, 24.8% C, 13.1% G, and 30.0% T. It contains 37 genes in the typical gene order of fish. Two start (GTG and ATG) and two stop (TAG and TAA/T-) codons are found in the thirteen protein-coding genes. The 22 tRNA genes range from 67 bp (tRNA-Ser) to 75 bp (tRNA-Leu). The ratio of nonsynonymous substitution (Ka) and synonymous substitution (Ks) indicates that the family Pristidae are suffering a purifying selection. The reconstruction of Bayesian inference and the maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree show the same topological structure, and the family Pristidae is a monophyletic group with strong posterior probability. Pristis zijsron and P. pectinata form a sister group in the terminal clade. And the divergence time of Rhinopristiformes show that P. zijsron and P. pectinata diverged as two separate species in about Paleogene 31.53 Mya. Complete mitochondrial genomes of all five sawfishes have been published and phylogenetic relationships have been analyzed. The results of our study will provide base molecular information for subsequent research (e.g., distribution, conservation, phylogenetics, etc.) on this endangered group.

Funder

the China-ASEAN Maritime Cooperation Fund

the Marine Biodiversity Hub

the Australian Government’s National Environmental Science Program

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Genetics (clinical),Genetics

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