Transcriptome-Based Comparative Expression Profiling of Sweet Potato during a Compatible Response with Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita Infection

Abstract

M. incognita, a root-knot nematode (RKN), infects the roots of several important food crops, including sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.), and severely reduces yields. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying infection remain unclear. Previously, we investigated differential responses to RKN invasion in susceptible and resistant sweet potato cultivars through RNA-seq-based transcriptome analysis. In this study, gene expression similarities and differences were examined in RKN-susceptible sweet potato cultivars during the compatible response to RKN infection. Three susceptible cultivars investigated in previous research were used: Dahomi (DHM), Shinhwangmi (SHM), and Yulmi (YM). Of the three cultivars, YM had the highest number of genes with altered expression in response to infection. YM was also the cultivar with the highest susceptibility to RKN. Comparisons among cultivars identified genes that were regulated in more than one cultivar upon infection. Pairwise comparisons revealed that YM and DHM shared the most regulated genes, whereas YM and SHM shared the lowest number of regulated genes. Five genes were up-regulated, and two were down-regulated, in all three cultivars. Among these, four genes were highly up-regulated in all cultivars: germin-like protein, anthranilate synthase α subunit, isocitrate lyase, and uncharacterized protein. Genes were also identified that were uniquely regulated in each cultivar in response to infection, suggesting that susceptible cultivars respond to infection through shared and cultivar-specific pathways. Our findings expand the understanding of the compatible response to RKN invasion in sweet potato roots and provide useful information for further research on RKN defense mechanisms.