Affiliation:
1. Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bernardyńska 6, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland
2. Department of Biogeochemistry and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bernardyńska 6, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Abstract
The harvesting of herbs from urban and peri-urban areas requires systematic monitoring of soils and plants, especially of trace element concentrations. The aim of the study was to assess the phytoaccumulation of selected trace elements (Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn) in elderberry flowers from the Kuyavian-Pomeranian province (Poland). The enzymatic activity of soils was also assessed in the context of the impact of metals on the biological properties of soils at risk of contamination with trace elements. Soil and plant samples were taken from seven locations with different anthropopressures. Flowers from sites with a high frequency of road traffic were characterized by a greater number of elements (location 1, 3–7) than from areas away from busy roads (location 2). The correlation analysis showed that Cu and Zn contents were highly correlated in the flowers of elderberry as compared to the corresponding soils seven locations with different anthropopressures Regarding the Zn content, only flowers from habitats 1, 2, 7 met the conditions specified in the WHO standard for herbs used in herbal medicine (<50 mg·kg−1). Based on the conducted research, it was found that the level of soil enzymatic activity in the tested soils varied within wide limits but clearly depended on their location. The highest enzyme activity in the soil was found in soil from town center 1 (location 3), where high DHA dehydrogenase DHA (114.5 mg TPF·g−1·24 h−1), fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis FDA (51.26 μg F·g−1·h−1), and β-glucosidases GLUC activity (4.833 μg pNP·g−1·h−1) were determined, as well as in soil from residential area 2 (location 3), where high DHA (165.9 mg TPF·g−1·24 h−1) and FDA (48.23 μg F·g−1·h−1) activity were determined. Analyzing the soil properties, it can be concluded that the content of Cut and Znt in the soil and their forms available for plants, as well as DHA activity, correlates most closely with the content of organic matter.
Reference60 articles.
1. (2016, November 17). NRCS Natural Resources Conservation Service Classification for Kingdom Plantae Down to Family Caprifoliaceae, Available online: http://plants.usda.gov/java/ClassificationServlet?source=display&classid=Caprifoliaceae.
2. Comparative analyses of seeds of wild fruits of Rubus and Sambucus species from southern Italy: Fatty acid composition of the oil, total phenolic content, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the methanolic extracts;Fazio;Food Chem.,2013
3. Krawitz, C., AbuMraheil, M., Stein, M., Imirzalioglu, C., Domann, E., Pleschka, S., and Hain, T. (2011). Inhibitory activity of a standardized el derberry liquid extract against clinically-relevant human respiratory bacterial pathogens and influenza A and B viruses. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 11.
4. Rolbiecki, S., Rolbiecki, R., Jagosz, B., Ptach, W., and Figas, A. (2018, January 23–25). Water needs of elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) in first three years of growing in different regions of Poland. Proceedings of the 17th International Scientific Conference “Engineering for Rural Development”, Jelgava, Latvia.
5. Bioactive properties of Sambucus nigra L. as a functional ingredient for food and pharmaceutical industry;J. Funct. Foods,2018