Levels and Factors Associated with Resilience in Italian Healthcare Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Web-Based Survey

Author:

Lisi Lucia,Ciaffi Jacopo,Bruni AntonellaORCID,Mancarella LuanaORCID,Brusi Veronica,Gramegna Pasquale,Ripamonti Claudio,Quaranta Elisabetta,Borlandelli Elena,Gallo GaetanoORCID,Garofalo Eugenio,Chiaravalloti AgostinoORCID,Viola PasqualeORCID,Ruscitti Piero,Caio GiacomoORCID,D’Onghia Martina,D’Amuri Andrea,Cimellaro Antonio,Facchini Giancarlo,La Regina Micaela,Spinardi LucaORCID,De Giorgio RobertoORCID,Giacomelli Roberto,Landini Maria Paola,Berardi Domenico,Meliconi Riccardo,Ursini Francesco

Abstract

Background: Resilience is defined as the capacity to cope successfully with change or adversity. The aims of our study were to investigate levels of resilience in Italian healthcare professionals (HCPs) during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to identify potential predictors of resilience. Methods: We performed a web-based survey of HCPs (n = 1009) working in Italian hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey contained a 14-item resilience scale (RS14) and questionnaires to evaluate depression and anxiety symptoms. Non-HCP individuals (n = 375) from the general population were used for comparison. Results: HCPs showed significantly lower resilience compared to the control group (p = 0.001). No significant differences were observed after stratification for geographical area, work setting, role, or suspected/confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. In a linear regression analysis, RS14 was inversely correlated with depression (R2 = 0.227, p < 0.001) and anxiety (R2 = 0.117, p < 0.001) and directly correlated with age (R2 = 0.012, p < 0.001) but not with body mass index (BMI, R2 = 0.002, p = 0.213). In male HCPs, higher depression score (odds ratio (OR) 1.147, p < 0.001) or BMI (OR 1.136, p = 0.011) significantly predicted having low resilience. In female HCPs, higher depression score (OR 1.111, p < 0.0001) and working in a COVID-19 free setting (OR 2.308, p = 0.002) significantly predicted having low resilience. HCPs satisfied with personal protective equipment had higher levels of resilience (p < 0.010). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that resilience was lower in Italian HCPs than in the general population after the first COVID-19 wave. Specific factors can be identified, and targeted interventions may have an important role to foster resilience of HCPs.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Behavioral Neuroscience,General Psychology,Genetics,Development,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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