Tendency of Runoff and Sediment Variety and Multiple Time Scale Wavelet Analysis in Hongze Lake during 1975–2015

Abstract

Hongze Lake plays a key role in flood and waterlogging prevention, analyzing the variation process and characteristics of multi-time scales will have a great practical significance to water resources management and regulation in the Huaihe River basin of China. This research proposed a combinatorial mutation test method to study the interannual variation trends and change points of runoff and sediment flowing into and out of Hongze Lake during the period 1975–2015. It is concluded that the annual variation trend of the inflow and outflow runoff time series is consistent, with no obvious decreasing trend and change point, while the inflow and outflow sediment time series showed a decreasing trend, and the change point was 1991. Then, the runoff and sediment time series were analyzed by the wavelet method. The results showed that the time series has multi-time scale characteristics. The annual inflow runoff and sediment would enter into the dry period in a short time after 2015, and both would be in the valley floor stage. Among the influencing factors, the variation of rainfall in the basin was the main factor affecting the runoff variation. Changes in heavy rainfalls pattern, the construction of hydraulic engineering projects, and land use/cover change (LUCC) are the main reasons for the significant decrease and mutation variation of inflow sediment.