Calibration Techniques for Water Content Measurements in Solid Biofuels
Author:
Kjeldsen Henrik1ORCID, Østergaard Peter Friis1, Strauss Helena1, Nielsen Jan1, Tallawi Bayan2, Georgin Eric2, Sabouroux Pierre3ORCID, Nielsen Jan G.4, Hougaard Jens Ole4
Affiliation:
1. Danish Technological Institute (DTI), 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark 2. LNE-CETIAT, 69603 Villeurbanne Cedex, France 3. Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Med, Institut Fresnel, 13397 Marseille, France 4. VERDO CHP Plant, 8930 Randers, Denmark
Abstract
This paper presents methodologies and equipment for SI-traceable inline measurements of water content (a critical quality parameter) in solid biofuels. Inline measurement systems for water content are commonly used at CHP plants, providing continuous real-time data. However, the accuracy of these systems is in most cases unsatisfactory, mainly because the systems are not calibrated representatively for the relevant material, and until now, calibrations traceable to the SI system have not been available. To provide reliable and accurate inline water content data, new procedures and equipment for calibrating measurement systems were developed. Two reference methods for the determination of water content were developed; one measures the airflow and dewpoint of desorbed water in the air passing a test sample, while the other uses a P2O₅-sensor. Additionally, a transfer standard based on a cavity resonance sensor was developed for fast onsite calibration of the inline sensor at the power plant. This new instrument allows for quick and accurate measurements. The transfer standard is made metrologically traceable to the primary measurement standards. The entire system was demonstrated by calibrating an inline microwave-based (MW) sensor at the CHP plant of VERDO in Randers, Denmark. Thus, a complete metrological traceability chain was established from an industrial to a primary standard.
Funder
Participating States and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program French Metrology Network
Subject
Energy (miscellaneous),Energy Engineering and Power Technology,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment,Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Control and Optimization,Engineering (miscellaneous),Building and Construction
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