A New Framework of 17 Hydrological Ecosystem Services (HESS17) for Supporting River Basin Planning and Environmental Monitoring

Author:

Ha Lan Thanh12ORCID,Bastiaanssen Wim G. M.13,Simons Gijs W. H.4,Poortinga Ate56

Affiliation:

1. Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands

2. Institute of Water Resources Planning, 162A Tran Quang Khai, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam

3. IrriWatch, Agro Business Park 10, 6708 PW Wageningen, The Netherlands

4. FutureWater, Costerweg 1V, 6702 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands

5. SERVIR-Mekong, 979/69 Paholyothin Road, Samsen Nai Phayathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand

6. Spatial Informatics Group, 2529 Yolanda Ct., Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Abstract

Hydrological ecosystem services (HESS) describe the benefits of water for multiple purposes with an emphasis on environmental values. The value of HESS is often not realized because primary benefits (e.g., food production, water withdrawals) get the most attention. Secondary benefits such as water storage, purification or midday temperature cooling are often overlooked. This results in an incorrect evaluation of beneficial water usage in urban and rural resettlements and misunderstandings when land use changes are introduced. The objective of this paper is to propose a standard list of 17 HESS indicators that are in line with the policy and philosophy of the Consultative Group of International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) and that are measurable with earth observation technologies in conjunction with GIS and hydrological models. The HESS17 framework considered indicators that can be directly related to water flows, water fluxes and water stocks; they have a natural characteristic with minimal anthropogenic influence and must be quantifiable by means of earth observation models in combination with GIS and hydrological models. The introduction of a HESS framework is less meaningful without proper quantification procedures in place. Because of the widely diverging management options, the role of water should be categorized as (i) consumptive use (i.e., evapotranspiration and dry matter production) and (ii) non-consumptive use (stream flow, recharge, water storage). Governments and responsible agencies for integrated water management should recognize the need to include HESS17 in water allocation policies, water foot-printing, water accounting, transboundary water management, food security purposes and spatial land-use planning processes. The proposed HESS17 framework and associated methods can be used to evaluate land, soil and water conservation programs. This paper presents a framework that is non-exhaustive but can be realistically computed and applicable across spatial scales.

Funder

CGIAR Water, Land and Ecosystems program

Vietnam Ministry of Science and Technology

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment,Geography, Planning and Development,Building and Construction

Reference134 articles.

1. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (Program) (2005). Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Wetlands and Water Synthesis: A Report of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, World Resources Institute.

2. Hydrologic ecosystem services: Linking ecohydrologic processes to human well-being in water research and watershed management;Brauman;WIREs Water,2015

3. Linking Earth Observations for Assessing the Food Security Situation in Vietnam: A Landscape Approach;Poortinga;Front. Environ. Sci.,2019

4. Nature-Based Solutions for Water, and UNESCO (2018). The United Nations World Water Development Report, UNESCO.

5. CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) (2014). Ecosystem Services and Resilience Framework, International Water Management Institute (IWMI), CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE).

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