Review of Geomagnetically Induced Current Proxies in Mid-Latitude European Countries
Author:
Gil Agnieszka12ORCID, Berendt-Marchel Monika3ORCID, Modzelewska Renata1ORCID, Siluszyk Agnieszka1ORCID, Siluszyk Marek14ORCID, Wawrzaszek Anna2ORCID, Wawrzynczak Anna35ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Institute of Mathematics, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Siedlce, Konarskiego 2, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland 2. Space Research Centre of Polish Academy of Sciences, Bartycka Str.18A, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland 3. Institute of Computer Sciences, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Siedlce, Konarskiego 2, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland 4. Polish Air Force University, Dywizjonu 303 35, 08-521 Deblin, Poland 5. National Centre for Nuclear Research, Andrzeja Sołtana 7, 05-400 Otwock, Poland
Abstract
The Quebec blackout on 13 March 1989, has made geomagnetically induced current (GIC) research a socially important field of study. It is widely recognized that the effects of space weather, which may affect the power infrastructure, threaten countries located at high latitudes. However, in recent years, various studies have shown that countries at lower latitudes may also be at risk. One of the best proxies of GIC variability is the local geoelectric field, as measured in Eskdalemuir, Lerwick, and Hartland, by the British Geological Survey or modeled using, e.g., a 1D layered Earth conductivity model. In our article, we present a review of the issues related to the impact of the GIC on transformers and transmission lines in Central and Southern European countries, from Greece, Spain, and Italy to Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Austria, and Poland. The review underlines the importance of the systematic collection of information about power grid failures and the need for further systematic studies of the GIC’s impact on the operation of power grids in mid-latitude countries.
Subject
Energy (miscellaneous),Energy Engineering and Power Technology,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment,Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Control and Optimization,Engineering (miscellaneous),Building and Construction
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