Tetrameric Structures of Inorganic CBS-Pyrophosphatases from Various Bacterial Species Revealed by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering in Solution

Abstract

Quaternary structure of CBS-pyrophosphatases (CBS-PPases), which belong to the PPases of family II, plays an important role in their function ensuring cooperative behavior of the enzymes. Despite an intensive research, high resolution structures of the full-length CBS-PPases are not yet available making it difficult to determine the signal transmission path from the regulatory to the active center. In the present work, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) combined with size-exclusion chromatography was applied to determine the solution structures of the full-length wild-type CBS-PPases from three different bacterial species. Previously, in the absence of an experimentally determined full-length CBS-PPase structure, a homodimeric model of the enzyme based on known crystal structures of the CBS domain and family II PPase without this domain has been proposed. Our SAXS analyses demonstrate, for the first time, the existence of stable tetramers in solution for all studied CBS-PPases from different sources. Our findings show that further studies are required to establish the functional properties of these enzymes. This is important not only to enhance our understanding of the relation between CBS-PPases structure and function under normal conditions but also because some human pathogens harbor this class of enzymes.