Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Nutrition: Exploring the Role of Diet and Gut Health
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Published:2023-10-21
Issue:20
Volume:15
Page:4465
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ISSN:2072-6643
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Container-title:Nutrients
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Nutrients
Author:
Gualtieri Paola1ORCID, Cianci Rossella2ORCID, Frank Giulia34ORCID, Pizzocaro Erica3, De Santis Gemma Lou4, Giannattasio Silvia3ORCID, Merra Giuseppe1ORCID, Butturini Giovanni5, De Lorenzo Antonino1ORCID, Di Renzo Laura1ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy 2. Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy 3. School of Specialization in Food Science, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy 4. PhD School of Applied Medical-Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy 5. Division of Hepato-Bilio-Pancreatic Surgery, P. Pederzoli Hospital, Via Monte Baldo 24, 37019 Peschiera del Garda, Italy
Abstract
The incidence of pancreatic cancer is increasing worldwide. The most common form is represented by pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) which has been shown to be linked to chronic inflammation. Notably, the gut microbiota has emerged as a critical player in regulating immune responses and inflammation. Indeed, intestinal dysbiosis, characterized by an imbalance in the gut microbiota composition, can contribute to the initiation of chronic inflammation. Sterile chronic inflammation can occur, probably activated by the translocation of bacterial components, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major component of Gram-negative microbiota, with the consequent induction of innate mucosal immunity, through the activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Furthermore, the interaction between LPS and TLRs could enhance cancer progression. Recent research has shed light on the pivotal role of nutrition, as a modifiable risk factor, in PDAC immunological processes, particularly focusing on the immuno-modulatory effects of the gut microbiota. Different dietary regimens, fiber intake, immunonutrients, and antioxidants have the potential to either exacerbate or mitigate chronic inflammation, thereby influencing the pathogenesis and natural history of PDAC. These dietary components may affect the gut microbiota composition and, consequently, the level of inflammation, either promoting or protecting against PDAC. In this review of reviews, we discuss the modulatory role of nutrition and the gut microbiota in PDAC’s immunological processes to explore a translational therapeutic approach that could improve the survival and quality of life of these patients.
Subject
Food Science,Nutrition and Dietetics
Reference63 articles.
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