Diet Quality and Consumption of Healthy and Unhealthy Foods Measured via the Global Diet Quality Score in Relation to Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Apparently Healthy Adults from the Mediterranean Region: The ATTICA Epidemiological Cohort Study (2002–2022)
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Published:2023-10-18
Issue:20
Volume:15
Page:4428
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ISSN:2072-6643
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Container-title:Nutrients
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Nutrients
Author:
Damigou Evangelia1, Kouvari Matina1, Chrysohoou Christina2, Barkas Fotios3, Kravvariti Evrydiki4, Dalmyras Dimitrios1, Koutsogianni Amalia D.4, Tsioufis Costas2, Pitsavos Christos2, Liberopoulos Evangelos4, Sfikakis Petros P.4, Panagiotakos Demosthenes1ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece 2. First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece 3. Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece 4. First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece
Abstract
The Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) is a novel food-based score that assesses both nutrient adequacy and chronic disease risk, by evaluating healthy (GDQS+) and unhealthy foods (GDQS−). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association among GDQS, GDQS+, and GDQS− against the 20-year risk of cardiometabolic outcomes in a Mediterranean population. The sample was n = 2169 initially free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) participants of the ATTICA study (2002–2022) that participated in the 20-year follow-up. The incidence of CVD, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was defined according to WHO-ICD-10 criteria. The GDQS was computed based on previously published instructions. In multivariate analyses, a higher diet quality, per 1/49 of the GDQS, was associated with an 8% [95% Confidence Interval—CI: 6–9%] and 2% [95% CI: 1–3%] lower CVD and T2DM risk, respectively. A higher consumption of healthy foods, per 1/32 of GDQS+, was associated with a 9% [95% CI: 7–11%] and 2% [95% CI: 1–3%] lower CVD and T2DM risk, respectively. Contrarily, a lower consumption of unhealthy foods (GDQS−) was not associated with cardiometabolic events in the adjusted models (all p value< 0.05). In clinical practice or future public health actions to ameliorate dietary habits and prevent CVD and T2DM, more attention should be focused on healthy foods that should be included in our diets.
Subject
Food Science,Nutrition and Dietetics
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