Pesticides and Bladder Cancer: Mechanisms Leading to Anti-Cancer Drug Chemoresistance and New Chemosensitization Strategies

Author:

Lucchesi Christopher A.12ORCID,Vasilatis Demitria M.13ORCID,Mantrala Saisamkalpa1,Chandrasekar Thenappan3,Mudryj Maria14,Ghosh Paramita M.135ORCID

Affiliation:

1. VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655, USA

2. Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA

3. Department of Urological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA

4. Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA

5. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA

Abstract

Multiple risk factors have been associated with bladder cancer. This review focuses on pesticide exposure, as it is not currently known whether agricultural products have a direct or indirect effect on bladder cancer, despite recent reports demonstrating a strong correlation. While it is known that pesticide exposure is associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer in humans and dogs, the mechanism(s) by which specific pesticides cause bladder cancer initiation or progression is unknown. In this narrative review, we discuss what is currently known about pesticide exposure and the link to bladder cancer. This review highlights multiple pathways modulated by pesticide exposure with direct links to bladder cancer oncogenesis/metastasis (MMP-2, TGF-β, STAT3) and chemoresistance (drug efflux, DNA repair, and apoptosis resistance) and potential therapeutic tactics to counter these pesticide-induced affects.

Funder

UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis

Reference211 articles.

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