Reduced Cell Adhesion on LightPLAS-Coated Implant Surfaces in a Three-Dimensional Bioreactor System

Abstract

Most implants used in trauma surgery are made of steel and remain inside the body only temporarily. The strong tissue interaction of such implants sometimes creates problems with their explantation. Modified implant surfaces, which decrease tissue attachment, might allow an easier removal and therefore a better outcome. Such a modification must retain the implant function, and needs to be biocompatible and cost-effective. Here, we used a novel VUV-light (Vacuum-Ultraviolett)-based coating technology (LightPLAS) to generate coated stainless-steel plates. The tested LightPLAS coating only had an average thickness of around 335 nm, making it unlikely to interfere with implant function. The coated plates showed good biocompatibility according to ISO 10993-5 and ISO 10993-12, and reduced cell adhesion after four different time points in a 2D cell culture system with osteoblast-like MG-63 cells. Furthermore, we could show decreased cell adhesion in our 3D cell culture system, which mimics the fluid flow above the implant materials as commonly present in the in vivo environment. This new method of surface coating could offer extended options to design implant surfaces for trauma surgery to reduce cell adhesion and implant ingrowth. This may allow for a faster removal time, resulting in shorter overall operation times, thereby reducing costs and complication rates and increasing patient wellbeing.