Correlation Between Red Cell Distribution Width and Peripheral Vascular Disease Severity and Complexity

Abstract

A traditional hematological marker, red cell distribution width (RDW), is accepted as a novel marker of atherosclerotic vascular diseases. Clinical importance of the RDW as a prognostic biomarker in peripheral vascular disease (PVD) has been reported in a few studies. Herein, we aimed to show the correlation between RDW and PVD severity and its complexity in terms of angiographic evaluation. A total of 118 patients who underwent peripheral lower extremity angiography were subsequently evaluated retrospectively. Upon admission, RDW level was measured with automated complete blood count. Severity and complexity of the PVD was evaluated according to Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC II) classification. A TASC II A-B lesion was defined as simple PVD, and a TASC II C-D lesion was defined as prevalent and complex PVD. Then, both groups were compared statistically according to clinical, laboratory, and demographic features, including RDW levels. In 49.6% of the patients, TASC II C-D lesions were observed. Advanced age, male gender, and body mass index (BMI) were associated with TASC II groups. Red cell distribution width levels were correlated with presence of PVD, as well as TASC II grades (p:0.02). The fourth quartile (75th percentile) of the RDW levels was 14.1, and patients with RDW levels ≥14.1 had a more significant correlation with the presence and severity of PVD (p:0.001). In the multivariate regression analysis, elevated RDW was found to be an independent predictor of the presence of PVD and also TASC II C-D lesions (OR:2.26, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.051–0.774; p:0.02). Elevated RDW levels was associated with TASC II C-D lesions, which indicated more prevalent and complex PVD.