Influence of Soft Stabilization Splint on Electromyographic Patterns in Masticatory and Neck Muscles in Healthy Women

Abstract

This study investigates the influence of soft stabilization splints on electromyographic patterns in masticatory and neck muscles in healthy women. A total of 70 healthy women were qualified for the research. The resting and clenching electromyographic patterns of the temporalis (TA), masseter (MM), digastric (DA), and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles were measured using the BioEMG III™ apparatus. The interaction between splint application and resting muscle activity affected the results in all examined muscles except the temporalis muscle. A large effect size was observed in masseter (2.19 µV vs. 5.18 µV; p = 0.00; ES = 1.00) and digastric (1.89 µV vs. 3.17 µV; p = 0.00; ES = 1.00) both-sided RMS activity. Significant differences between the two conditions were observed in all Functional Clenching Indices (FCI) for MM, SDM, and DA muscles. All FCI values for the MM and DA muscles were significantly lower with than without the splint. We observed an increase in all activity indices due to splint application, which suggests a masseter muscle advantage during measurement. The soft stabilization splint influenced resting and functional activity in the MM, SDM, and DA muscles. During tooth clenching, a soft stabilization splint changed the involvement proportions of the temporalis and masseter muscles, transferring the main activity to the masseter muscles. Using a soft stabilization splint did not affect the symmetry of the electromyographic activity of the masticatory and neck muscles.