The Role of Rehabilitation in Arterial Function Properties of Convalescent COVID-19 Patients
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Published:2023-03-13
Issue:6
Volume:12
Page:2233
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ISSN:2077-0383
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Container-title:Journal of Clinical Medicine
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language:en
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Short-container-title:JCM
Author:
Gounaridi Maria Ioanna1ORCID, Vontetsianos Angelos2, Oikonomou Evangelos1ORCID, Theofilis Panagiotis3ORCID, Chynkiamis Nikolaos2ORCID, Lampsas Stamatios1ORCID, Anastasiou Artemis1ORCID, Papamikroulis Georgios Angelos1, Katsianos Efstratios1, Kalogeras Konstantinos1ORCID, Pesiridis Theodoros1ORCID, Tsatsaragkou Aikaterini1, Vavuranakis Manolis1, Koulouris Nikolaos2ORCID, Siasos Gerasimos14
Affiliation:
1. 3rd Department of Cardiology, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece 2. Rehabilitation Unit, 1st Respiratory Medicine Department, Sotiria Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece 3. 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece 4. Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease, although arterial function involvement has been documented. We assess the impact of a post-acute COVID-19 rehabilitation program on endothelium-dependent vasodilation and arterial wall properties. We enrolled 60 convalescent patients from COVID-19 and one-month post-acute disease, who were randomized at a 1:1 ratio in a 3-month cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program (study group) or not (control group). Endothelium-dependent vasodilation was evaluated by flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and arterial wall properties were evaluated by carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) and augmentation index (AIx) at 1 month and at 4 months post-acute disease. FMD was significantly improved in both the study (6.2 ± 1.8% vs. 8.6 ± 2.4%, p < 0.001) and control groups (5.9 ± 2.2% vs. 6.6 ± 1.8%, p = 0.009), but the improvement was significantly higher in the study group (rehabilitation) (p < 0.001). PWV was improved in the study group (8.2 ± 1.3 m/s vs. 6.6 ± 1.0 m/s, p < 0.001) but not in the control group (8.9 ± 1.8 m/s vs. 8.8 ± 1.9 m/s, p = 0.74). Similarly, AIx was improved in the study group (25.9 ± 9.8% vs. 21.1 ± 9.3%, p < 0.001) but not in the control group (27.6 ± 9.2% vs. 26.2 ± 9.8 m/s, p = 0.15). Convalescent COVID-19 subjects of the study group (rehabilitation) with increased serum levels of circulating IL-6 had a greater reduction in FMD. Conclusively, a 3-month cardiopulmonary post-acute COVID-19 rehabilitation program improves recovery of endothelium-dependent vasodilation and arteriosclerosis.
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