Prognostic Role of Visual Evoked Potentials in Non-Neuritic Eyes at Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis

Abstract

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the prognostic role of visual evoked potentials (VEPs) of the non-neuritic eye at the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Patients and methods: We enrolled 181 MS patients (62% females, mean age at diagnosis: 38 years, standard deviation: 12) at the time of the first diagnostic work-up, including VEPs. We collected P100 latency and N75-P100 amplitude of non-neuritic eyes at diagnosis, and then we calculated the mean values in 127 patients with no history of optic neuritis (ON) or considered the unaffected eye in the remaining. At last follow-up (minimum: one year), disability was evaluated according to MS Severity Score or MSSS (median: 2.44, range: 0.18–9.63). Statistical analysis included Mann–Whitney descriptive analysis, Spearman correlation for independent samples, and linear regression for significant predictors of MSSS. Results: 38/181 patients had P100 latency >115 ms, and 63/181 showed N75-P100 amplitude < 5 microV in the unaffected eyes at MS diagnosis. At last follow-up, MSSS correlated with P100 latency (rho = 0.21, p = 0.004) and N75-P100 amplitude (rho = 0.19, p = 0.009) collected at diagnosis. P100 latency (not N75-P100 amplitude) resulted in a predictor for disability over time (MSSS) in the regression model (along with age at onset, MS course, and disease-modifying treatments). Conclusions: Our study showed a prognostic value of VEPs in clinically unaffected eyes at MS diagnosis to predict future disability, independently from a history of ON.