Immunonutritional Protease Inhibitors from T. durum and A. sativa Display Metabolic Similarities When Assayed on Human Macrophage-like Cells

Author:

Fotschki BartoszORCID,Garcia Tejedor AuroraORCID,Nieto Fuentes Juan AntonioORCID,Laparra Llopis Jose MoisésORCID

Abstract

This study evaluated the immunonutritional effects caused by protease inhibitors from Avena sativa and Triticum durum to human macrophage-like cells. Macrophages were exposed (3 h) to extracts obtained from flours, and mitochondrial-associated oxygen consumption rates and inflammatory, metabolic, and proteome adaptations were quantified. Mass spectrometry ‘m/z’ signals of the extracts obtained from T. durum and A. sativa revealed molecular weights of 18–35 kDa and 16–22 kDa, respectively, for the compounds present at highest concentrations. Extracts from T. durum exhibited lower susceptibility to degradation by gastrointestinal enzymes than those from A. sativa: 9.5% vs 20.2%. Despite their different botanical origin, both extracts increased TLR4 expression. Metabolic protein levels were indicative of a decreased glycolytic to lactate flux in cell cultures upon stimulation with A. sativa extracts, which improved mitochondrial respiration in relation to those from T. durum. Principal components analysis confirmed relative similarities between immune–metabolic events triggered by immunonutritional ingredients in T. durum and A. sativa. Collectively, immunonutritional effects help to interpret the differences between both crops, worsening or improving, macrophage immune reactivity (tolerogenicity), and better control of inflammatory processes.

Funder

Ministerio de CIencia e Innovación

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis

Cited by 2 articles. 订阅此论文施引文献 订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献

1. Modifiable Innate Biology within the Gut–Brain Axis for Alzheimer’s Disease;Biomedicines;2022-08-27

2. Macrophage Polarization: Learning to Manage It;International Journal of Molecular Sciences;2022-06-29

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