Field-Based Tests for the Assessment of Physical Fitness in Children and Adolescents Practicing Sport: A Systematic Review within the ESA Program

Author:

Tabacchi GardenORCID,Lopez Sanchez Guillermo F.ORCID,Nese Sahin Fatma,Kizilyalli Meltem,Genchi Rosario,Basile Michele,Kirkar Musa,Silva CarlosORCID,Loureiro NunoORCID,Teixeira EduardoORCID,Demetriou YolandaORCID,Sturm David JosephORCID,Pajaujene SimonaORCID,Zuoziene Ilona J.ORCID,Gómez-López ManuelORCID,Rada Ante,Pausic JelenaORCID,Lakicevic Nemanja,Petrigna Luca,Feka KaltrinaORCID,Ribeiro Ana,Alesi Marianna,Bianco AntoninoORCID

Abstract

High levels of physical fitness (PF) can positively affect both health and cognitive function, thus monitoring its levels in youth can help increase health and quality of life in adult populations later on. This systematic review aims to identify PF field-based tests used in young European populations practicing sport to find tools that are adequate for the considered target involving a new battery within the Enriched Sport Activities (ESA) project. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was followed. In the 83 identified articles, the main tests used were: vertical/horizontal jumps (for muscular strength/power); push-ups, running at maximum effort, sit-ups (for muscular strength/endurance); multistage non-intermittent and intermittent tests (for aerobic endurance); sit and reach (for flexibility); sprinting and agility T-tests (for speed and agility, respectively); 10 × 5 m shuttle run (SR) (for both speed and agility). Few studies assessed coordination, reaction time, power, and balance. Although the selected tests are widely used and validated, they do not determine all PF aspects and do not reflect sport-specific features. A final decision was made for the inclusion of the following tests: standing broad jump, seated medicine ball throw, 20 m SR test, 30 m sprint, Illinois test, and a new test, i.e., the crunning test, to assess different skill-related components at once. The use of this combination of tests allows for the assessment of all PF components and can help planning effective training programs and cultivate sporting talent.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment,Geography, Planning and Development

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