Distribution Dynamics of Diplopanax stachyanthus Hand.-Mazz. (Mastixiaceae) and Its Implications in Relict Mastixioid Flora Conservation

Author:

Chen Menglin1234ORCID,Yang Yongjingwen1234ORCID,Lin Lin14ORCID,Tan Yunhong23ORCID,Deng Min14ORCID,Zuo Yunjuan23

Affiliation:

1. Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China

2. Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun 666303, China

3. Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Southeast Asia Biodiversity Conservation, Menglun 666303, China

4. The Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Forest Plants of National Forestry and Grassland Administra-tion & The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Resources Development of Yunnan Province, Yun-nan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming 650201, China

Abstract

Climate is a key driver shaping the distribution pattern of organisms. Cenozoic climate change has led to extensive biota turnover. Untangling the distribution dynamics of a representative lineage of flora can provide deep insights into biodiversity conservation. Diplopanax is a notable relict lineage of the Tertiary mastixioid flora with abundant fossils in the Northern Hemisphere. Diplopanax stachyanthus Hand.-Mazz. is a representative relic lineage of the mastixioid flora, which was once widespread in the Northern Hemisphere of the early Tertiary period, but with only endemic distribution in the (sub)tropical humid forests of East Asia. It offers a unique chance to understand how climatic drivers shape the Boreotropical flora. In this research, we investigated the distribution dynamics of D. stachyanthus at the last glacial maximum (LGM), mid-Holocene (MH), current, and three periods of the future (2041–2060, 2061–2080, and 2081–2100) at four shared socio-economic emissions scenarios pathways. Our results indicated that the Precipitation of the Wettest Quarter (32.6%), the Precipitation of the Driest Quarter (21.2%), and the Precipitation of the Coldest Quarter (17.3%) are the key factors affecting its distribution. The current high suitable distribution areas are primarily in southern China and northern Indo-China. The enforced winter monsoon seasons in East Asia since the late Pliocene period are the key climatic drivers reducing its once widespread distribution in the Northern Hemisphere. Under future scenarios, centroid transfer analysis suggests that its distribution center will shift southwestward, but the potentially suitable habitats in the coastal regions of southern China and northern Indo-China will be lost. These coastal populations should be prioritized for ex situ conservation. Expanding the nature reserve within its long-term stable distribution range in southwest China is an effective strategy for the in situ conservation of the ancient mastixioid flora.

Funder

the West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

National Natural Science Foundation of China

the Project of the Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Sciences

Transboundary cooperation on biodiversity research and conservation in Gaoligong Mountains

Yunnan Special Project on Constructing Science and Technology Innovation Center Oriented to South and Southeast Asia

the Project of Yunnan Wildlife Conservation

the Fund of Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Resources Development of Yunnan Province, Yunnan, Academy of Forestry and Grassland

Publisher

MDPI AG

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