Abstract
The co-torrefaction of several biomasses may be a viable solution in the study area, as it produces biofuels and addresses waste-treatment concerns. This review evaluates biomass through ultimate, proximate, and FTIR analyses, and the mechanism of the co-torrefaction process is observed for product quality with a synergistic effect. Furthermore, the parameters of co-torrefaction, including temperature, reaction time, mass yield, energy yield, and the composition of the H/C and O/C ratio of the co-torrefied materials, are similar to those for coal composition. Different reactor types, such as fixed-bed, fluidized-bed, microwave, and batch reactors, are used for co-torrefaction, in which biomass blends with optimized blend ratios. The co-torrefaction process increases the bio-solid yield and heating value, the capacity to adsorb carbon dioxide, and the renewable fuel used for gasification. One of the objectives of this study is to adopt a process that must be viable, green, and sustainable without generating pollution. For this reason, microwave co-torrefaction (MCT) has been used in many recent studies to transform waste and biomass materials into an alternative fuel using a microwave reactor.
Subject
Energy (miscellaneous),Energy Engineering and Power Technology,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment,Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Control and Optimization,Engineering (miscellaneous),Building and Construction
Reference107 articles.
1. Co-hydrothermal carbonization of food waste-woody biomass blend towards biofuel pellets production;Wang;Bioresour. Technol.,2018
2. Elemental migration and characterization of products during hydrothermal liquefaction of cornstalk;Zhu;Bioresour. Technol.,2017
3. Abdalla, M.E., Abdalla, S.A., Taqvi, S.A., Naqvi, S.R., and Chen, W.-H. Investigation of Biomass Integrated Air Gasification Regenerative Gas Turbine Power Plants. Energies, 2022. 15.
4. Vacuum pyrolysis incorporating microwave heating and base mixture modification: An integrated approach to transform biowaste into eco-friendly bioenergy products;Ge;Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev.,2020
5. Azad, A.K., and Khan, M.M.K. Chapter 2-Catalytic pyrolysis of biomass using shape-selective zeolites for bio-oil enhancement. Bioenergy Resources and Technologies, 2021.
Cited by
14 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献