Advances in Nickel-Containing High-Entropy Alloys: From Fundamentals to Additive Manufacturing
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Published:2024-08-02
Issue:15
Volume:17
Page:3826
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ISSN:1996-1944
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Container-title:Materials
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Materials
Author:
Gupta Ashish Kumar1ORCID, Choudhari Amit2ORCID, Rane Aditya1ORCID, Tiwari Abhishek3ORCID, Sharma Prince4ORCID, Gupta Ashutosh5, Sapale Prathamesh6ORCID, Tirumala Ravi Teja A.6ORCID, Muthaiah Rajmohan7ORCID, Kumar Abhishek8ORCID
Affiliation:
1. School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA 2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA 3. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502284, India 4. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA 5. Department of Zoology, Dayanand Vedic College, Orai 285001, India 6. School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA 7. School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA 8. J. Mike Walker ’66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA
Abstract
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are recognized as a class of advanced materials with outstanding mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Among these, nickel-based HEAs stand out for their impressive strength, ductility, and oxidation resistance. This review delves into the latest advancements in nickel-containing HEAs, covering their fundamental principles, alloy design strategies, and additive manufacturing techniques. We start by introducing HEAs and their unique properties, emphasizing the crucial role of nickel. This review examines the complex relationships between alloy composition, valence electron concentration (VEC), and the resulting crystal structures. This provides insights into design principles for achieving desired microstructures and mechanical properties. Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques like selective laser melting (SLM), electron beam melting (EBM), and laser metal deposition (LMD) are highlighted as powerful methods for fabricating intricate HEA components. The review addresses the challenges of AM processes, such as porosity, fusion defects, and anisotropic mechanical properties, and discusses strategies to mitigate these issues through process optimization and improved powder quality. The mechanical behavior of AM-processed nickel-based HEAs is thoroughly analyzed, focusing on compressive strength, hardness, and ductility. This review underscores the importance of microstructural features, including grain size, phase composition, and deformation mechanisms, in determining the mechanical performance of these alloys. Additionally, the influence of post-processing techniques, such as heat treatment and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) on enhancing mechanical properties is explored. This review also examines the oxidation behavior of nickel-containing HEAs, particularly the formation of protective oxide scales and their dependence on aluminum content. The interplay between composition, VEC, and oxidation resistance is discussed, offering valuable insights for designing corrosion resistant HEAs. Finally, this review outlines the potential applications of nickel-based HEAs in industries such as aerospace, automotive, and energy, and identifies future research directions to address challenges and fully realize the potential of these advanced materials.
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