Thrombocytes and Platelet-Rich Plasma as Modulators of Reproduction and Fertility

Author:

Nagy Bernadett1234ORCID,Kovács Kálmán1234,Sulyok Endre15,Várnagy Ákos1234,Bódis József1234

Affiliation:

1. National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, 7624 Pécs, Hungary

2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary

3. HUN-REN–PTE Human Reproduction Research Group, 7624 Pécs, Hungary

4. Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary

5. Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary

Abstract

Thrombocytes play an essential role in hemostasis and thrombosis. Moreover, the controlled activation of thrombocytes is required in reproduction and fertility. The platelet-activating factor and the controlled activation of platelets have important roles in folliculogenesis, ovulation, placental development, implantation and embryo development. Activated platelets accumulate in the follicular vessels surrounding the follicle and, due to its released soluble molecules (factors, mediators, chemokines, cytokines, neurotransmitters), locally increase oocyte maturation and hormone secretion. Furthermore, activated platelets are involved in the pathogenesis of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and preeclampsia. Low-dose aspirin can prevent OHSS during ovulation induction, while intrauterine or intraovarian administration of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) increases the endometrium thickness and receptivity as well as oocyte maturation. Activated thrombocytes rapidly release the contents of intracellular granules and have multiple adhesion molecules and receptors on their surface. Considering the numerous homeostatic endocrine functions of thrombocytes, it is reasonable to suppose a platelet-associated regulatory system (PARS) in reproduction. Although we are far from a complete understanding of the regulatory processes, the results of PARS research and the therapeutic application of aspirin and PRP during in vitro fertilization are promising.

Funder

HUN-REN Hungarian Research Network

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis

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