Current Status and Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance to Immunotherapy in Oral Malignant Melanoma
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Published:2023-12-08
Issue:24
Volume:24
Page:17282
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ISSN:1422-0067
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Container-title:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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language:en
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Short-container-title:IJMS
Author:
Usta Sena Zeynep1, Uchihashi Toshihiro1, Kodama Shingo1ORCID, Kurioka Kyoko1, Inubushi Toshihiro2, Shimooka Takuya1, Sugauchi Akinari13, Seki Soju1ORCID, Tanaka Susumu1ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan 2. Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan 3. Unit of Dentistry, Osaka University Hospital, 2-15, Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) antibodies, have initiated a new era in the treatment of malignant melanoma. ICIs can be used in various settings, including first-line, adjuvant, and neo-adjuvant therapy. In the scope of this review, we examined clinical studies utilizing ICIs in the context of treating oral mucosal melanoma, a rare disease, albeit with an extremely poor prognosis, with a specific focus on unraveling the intricate web of resistance mechanisms. The absence of a comprehensive review focusing on ICIs in oral mucosal melanoma is notable. Therefore, this review seeks to address this deficiency by offering a novel and thorough analysis of the current status, potential resistance mechanisms, and future prospects of applying ICIs specifically to oral malignant melanoma. Clarifying and thoroughly understanding these mechanisms will facilitate the advancement of effective therapeutic approaches and enhance the prospects for patients suffering from oral mucosal melanoma.
Subject
Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis
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