Patients with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury Display a Progressive Alteration over the Years of the Activation Stages of the T Lymphocyte Compartment

Author:

Haro Sergio12ORCID,Gomez-Lahoz Ana M.12,Monserrat Jorge12ORCID,Atienza-Pérez Mar3,Fraile-Martinez Oscar12ORCID,Ortega Miguel A.12ORCID,García-Montero Cielo12ORCID,Díaz David12,Lopez-Dolado Elisa13,Álvarez-Mon Melchor124ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Crta N-II km 33.6, 28871 Alcala de Henares, Spain

2. Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain

3. Service of Rehabilitation, National Hospital for Paraplegic Patients, Carr. de la Peraleda, S/N, 45004 Toledo, Spain

4. Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology Service and Internal Medicine, Prince of Asturias University Hospital (CIBEREHD), 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain

Abstract

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious medical condition associated with severe morbidities and disability. Chronic SCI patients present an enhanced susceptibility to infections and comorbidities with inflammatory pathogenesis. Chronic SCI appears to be associated with a systemic dysfunction of the immune system. We investigated the alteration of the pivotal CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in patients with chronic SCI at different years of evolution. A clinically homogenous population of 105 patients with chronic SCI (31 with time of evolution less than 5 years (SCI SP); 32 early chronic (SCI ECP) with time of evolution between 5 and 15 years; and 42 late chronic (SCI LCP) with time of evolution more than 15 years) and 38 healthy controls were enrolled. SCI ECP and SCI LCP patients showed significant CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphopenia, ascribed to a reduction in naïve and CM subsets. Furthermore, SCI ECP and SCI LCP patients showed a significant reduction in the expression of CD28 on CD8+ T lymphocytes. The expression of CCR6 by CD4+ T lymphocytes was decreased during the evolution of chronic SCI, but on CD8+ T lymphocytes, it was observed during the first 15 years of evolution. In conclusion, the chronic SCI course with severe damage to T lymphocytes mainly worsens over the years of disease evolution.

Funder

Fondo de Investigación de la Seguridad Social

Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III

Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad

Comunidad de Madrid

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis

Reference49 articles.

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4. A Comprehensive Look at the Psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology of Spinal Cord Injury and Its Progression: Mechanisms and Clinical Opportunities;Ortega;Mil. Med. Res.,2023

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