The Essential Oil Composition of Eryngium galioides Lam.—An Endemic Species of the Iberian Peninsula

Author:

Palá-Paúl Jesús1ORCID,Abad-Calderón Rubén2,Pérez-Alonso María José1,Brophy Joseph J.3ORCID,Soria Ana C.4

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain

2. Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teaching Unit of Soil Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain

3. School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia

4. Instituto de Química Orgánica General (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain

Abstract

The Eryngium L. genus belongs to the Apiaceae family and, with about 250 species, has a cosmopolitan distribution. Only fourteen of the twenty-six species described in Flora Europaea grow in the Iberian Peninsula. One of these is Eryngium galioides Lam., a small annual plant (2–30 cm) that grows in open dry places in the mid-west of the Iberian Peninsula. For this study, the whole plant (aerial parts and roots) of this species was gathered in Guadalajara (Spain). The essential oil of this population was extracted by hydro-distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It is worth noting that this species gave rise to a relatively high essential oil yield (0.48%) in comparison with other species of this genus. E. galioides oil consisted of a complex mixture of more than 70 compounds. The main constituents of this oil were identified as valencene (49.7%) and a phyllocladene isomer (23.7%), both representing more than the 70% of the total oil. Other representative compounds of this oil were found to be β-chamigrene (6.0%), γ-muurolene (3.4%), (E)-caryophyllene (3.0%) and β-elemene (1.6%). As far as we know, this is the first report about the chemical composition of E. galioides essential oils. With this work, we contribute to the knowledge of this genus and provide a chemical and botanical basis to promote the in vitro cultivation of E. galioides as a source of essential oils rich in bio-actives for application in different fields.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference93 articles.

1. World Flora Online (‘WFO, 2024) (2024, March 12). Published on the Internet. Available online: http://www.worldfloraonline.org.

2. Thiviya, P., Gunawardena, N., Gamage, A., Madhujith, T., and Merah, O. (2022). Apiaceae Family as a Valuable Source of Biocidal Components and their Potential Uses in Agriculture. Horticulturae, 8.

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4. Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum L.);Vetter;Food Chem. Toxicol.,2004

5. Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., and Webb, D.A. (1968). Flora Europaea, Cambridge University Press.

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